viernes, 15 de junio de 2018
jueves, 14 de junio de 2018
martes, 12 de junio de 2018
Interview to the society of the Industrial
Revolution
https://soundcloud.com/saul-fernandez-martin/audio-interview
Between
1750 and 1870, two very different revolutions took place simultaneously in
Europe: The French Revolution which led to political transformation and the
Industrial Revolution, which brought about dramatic economic and technological
changes. These Revolutions had an enormous impact on society; in this period
and years later.
The
Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the 18th century and
spread across Europe and North America over the next 100 years.
The new
Industry, which was based on the mechanization of production, technical
innovations and new ways of working, caused strong growth in the production of
industrial goods.
Industrialization
introduced capitalism as an economic system and transformed society. Cities
grew as people left the countryside in search of work.
Two new
social classes made up the backbone of society: the bourgeoisie, who had
capital to invest and the proletariat, who worked in the factories.
To have a better
understanding of the social situation BBC Radio is going to interview the
Embiid brothers.
-What age are you? Twenty-two. 24
-What is
your occupation? We both work in the countryside as peasants
-At what
age did you start working? Eight, 9
-How long
did you continue in that occupation? Until now.
-Which is your working timetable? It depends on the season.
On summer, we work from 6 in the morning to 7 at night.
-Thirteen hours? Yes.
-Do you have any break? Just for lunch and for dinner.
-Have you ever had the same timetable? From 5 in the morning
to 8 in the evening. In the beginning own a land.
-Fifteen hours? Yes.
-With what intervals at dinner? — An hour and a half
-How far did you live from the land? — About 10 miles
-So far away? Yes. Our uncle, who is the engine driver,
always take us for free.
-Was there any time allowed for you to get your breakfast in
the land? — yes. As I have told you in the beginning we worked for a guy who
was very rude and he just let us little time to have a break, but thankfully,
we own a land and we had breakfast before work.
-Have you ever been beaten by your boss? – Aaron was once,
tell him.
-Yes, I couldn’t go work during 3 days because I was
incredibly ill, and when I arrived the next day, he called me and I was beaten
by him.
-At the time when you were beaten for not going to work for
3, did you know that you were going to be beaten? — Yes; our boss used to tell
us that if we didn´t work hard enough, we could be beaten, and sometimes while
we were working we could see people coming out of his house with bruises.
-When you got home at night after this labor, did you feel
much fatigued? — Very much.
-Had you any time to be with your parents, and to receive
instruction from them? — No, they, as well as us, my mother worked cleaning
houses of the bourgeoisie, and my father worked in a different land.
-And why were you butted out? Because new machinery arrived
and many people had to be fired, and as you can imagine we got fired.
-What did you do? — With the savings from these years, and
with help of my family, we bought a land.
-What changes appeared? There were many changes. The main
change that appeared was the mechanical seed drill, which made it possible to
plough and sow so large fields with few workers. Also, other inventions, such
as the reaper, or the Rotherham plough. In addition, a new way of dividing the
land appeared, the Norfolk crop rotation, which was based on a combination of
grains and fodder crops, replace the three-field rotation system. In the same
period the Enclosure acts also appeared, which were used to concentrate the
fields of a person in a same plot. Furthermore, new crops appeared in the
cultivation system to improve the quality of the diet. E.g.: Potatoes and corn.
-Have you noticed any consequences? The main one is that we
got fired! These agricultural improvements led to a significant rise in food
production, which ensured the survival of a rapidly growing population.
-When the people were fired, what did they do? Most of them
went to the city. But this didn´t only happened in our village. In the last few
years there has been a rural exodus with the aim of working in the factories.
-Why didn´t you do the same? Despite the fact that the
cities tried to be prepared with new modes of transports, the city walls were
demolished and new neighborhoods were created.
-How is the political situation? Well, as we work in our own
land in the countryside, we haven´t had the same impact as the ones who live in
the cities. Our older brother, often tells us how bad the situation in the
factories is nowadays: lack of security often ends up in work accidents such as
amputation of limbs or even deaths. The work atmosphere is stressful and
irritating, the workers are often abused, and sometimes they can finish being
butted out because of anything. Also, the schedule was everything except of
flexible: they have no holidays, they work more than thirteen hours per day,
they worked seven days a week and only resting Sunday´s afternoon. Our brother
often tells us that he can see children working as young as eight years.
Frequently we have to give him some money to buy food, because salaries are
really low. Thank God, a new way of thinking called Marxism that is joining
workers with the aim of improve their rights.
-What do you think Marxism is offering your brother? In
first place, he is having support from those who are suffering this inequality
as well. Our brother thinks that Capitalism pretends this situation to be
continued, and the only possibility to make this change is to hang onto to the
ideals of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Yes, Marxism has the target of
destroying the private property, putting it in the hands of the state, creating
a proletarian dictatorship, making the social classes and the Estate disappear,
giving all the power to the workers.
-And do you think Marxism is going to have an effect in
economy? Well Marxism isn´t going to have an impact in the economy. But,
playing devil´s advocate, Capitalism economic activities respond to the free
initiative of individuals, whose objective is the pursuit of maximum profit. It
is an unplanned system with minimal state intervention. The interests of
sellers and buyers are reconciled in the market, which is regulated only by the
law of supply and demand.
-And is Britain exporting their products to other countries?
Great Britain is the pioneer of this Revolution, so to avoid competition from Britain
and to foster the growth of their own industries, European countries and the
United States applied protectionism measures.
-Thank you. It has been a pleasure. Your welcome, Bye.
lunes, 11 de junio de 2018
División celular: mitosis y meiosis
Este trabajo ha sido redactado para la asignatura de biología en el Colegio Corazón de María de Zamora con el propósito de explicar el proceso del ciclo celular y para entender la forma en la que se dividen las células: el crecimiento y regeneración de las células somáticas a través de la mitosis y la formación de gametos por la meiosis, así como la relación que la división celular tiene con las leyes de Mendel.
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| Haga click en la imagen para visitar el enlace |
domingo, 3 de junio de 2018
viernes, 2 de marzo de 2018
THE FRENCH REVOLUTION SONG
This song is a
summary of the French Revolution
By Jeffrey Lewis
The King of
France was Absolute, the people all were destitute, the year was 17 and 89.
Churches paid
no income tax, neither did aristocrats and wars were costing money all the
time.
But
Enlightenment Ideas, had entered people’s ears like Liberty, Equality and
Brotherhood.
People
starved and broke under feudalism's yoke knew no church or king was gonna do
them any good.
There was
such financial crisis, the king had to
take advice, to try an old thing called Estates General government.
The estates
general had 3 votes, Nobles, Church and Common Folks, 2 to 1 the commons lose
it always went.
The commons
in frustration said we represent the nation, the nobles and the church must
lose their privileges.
And the rich
were scared for real when they stormed to the Bastille and rebellions also
broke out in the villages.
At the palace
in Versailles, the king and queen were heard to sigh when the national assembly
made a bill of rights.
Then the
Women's march embarrassed them and chased them into Paris and the church and
nobles lost their power overnight.
Arguments got
hot whether to keep the King or not, different groups saw different ways to run
the country best.
But when the
Royal family tried to flee the country in disguise, they were busted and then
put under a house arrest.
All of Europe's Kings were terrified to hear
these things, so France was threatened on all sides by enemies.
And when
these other kings declared the King of France had to spared, this made the King
of France look worse to the Revolutionaries.
They had
built a new machine the quick and painless guillotine, they said it's fairer
than the King's Medieval Torture rack.
Then they put
it on a vote and then dropped it on his throat and every king across the world
just had a heart attack.
They attacked
from North and South, and they attacked from East and West, Revolutionary
France was in a desperate state.
And when the
radical Marat was killed politically that was what it took for France's outlook
to degenerate.
The new
leader Robespierre said enemies were everywhere, and for a year the Guillotine
was working endlessly.
And though he
freed the slaves that’s true Robespierre’s head came off too and France was run
by the more moderate Directory.
But the Directory
was lame and France's only good news came from their armies now in Europe
winning more and more.
And the man
who made them win was General Napoleon and when he came back home he made
himself the emperor.
So it was a
painful climb to get from Kings to Modern times, but the French Revolution
always paved the way.
'Cause the
ideas that sparked the first, have never ever been reversed, it was biggest
change that shaped our western world today.
domingo, 18 de febrero de 2018
French Revolutionary Calendar
French
revolutionaries believed they did not simply topple a government, but
established a new social order founded on freedom and equality. The
year of the official proclamation of the Republic (1792) would become Year One.
In this secular calendar, the twelve months of the year were named after
natural elements, while each day was named for a seed, tree, flower, fruit,
animal, or tool, replacing the saints day names and Christian festivals. The
republican calendar was abandoned by Napoleon on January 1, 1806.
If I were living in the French Revolution I would have been born on 20 Pluviôse CCX.
Being Pluviôse
means being born in the Month of Rain.
In the
process of the French Revolution I would have been born during the National
Assembly abolished slavery in all French colonies, and proclaimed the equality
of all men, regardless of the color of their skin. Unfortunately, the
victory of the anti-slavery camp was relatively short-lived, and slavery was
restored in 1802.
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| This is the original calendar, written in 1792 |
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